Pathologic findings in two takhi that died in 1999 strongly suggested that equine piroplasmosis ( Mehlhorn and Schein 1998) was responsible for the deaths. During reintroduction at sites in Hustai National Park and Gobi B Strictly Protected Area, deaths of adult takhi occurred during their first spring from April to May ( Walzer et al. Theileria equi (formerly Babesia equi) and Babesia caballi are hemoprotozoan parasites in equines and are transmitted by ticks ( Wise et al. In five reintroductions from 1992 to 2000, a total of 84 takhi were transported to this park and have since increased in number to 336 takhi in the wild. The park has been managed and protected by a nongovernmental organization and the Mongolian government. The national park is 95 km west of the Mongolian capital city, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, Central Asia. The average temperature in the summer is 25 C average temperature in the winter is −25 C and the annual precipitation ranges from 130 to 220 mm. Hustai National Park is one of the reintroduction sites in a 50,600 ha protected area geographically, it consists of steppe, mountain steppe, mountain zones, and forest (47☃5′N to 47★2′N, 105☂3′E to 105☃7′E) in Tov Province, Mongolia, at an altitude of 1,100–1,840 m. Takhi are listed as endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List and the Mongolian Red List and Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. In 1992, takhi were transported from European zoos back to southwest and central Mongolia ( Boyd and Bandi 2002). Unfortunately, takhi became extinct in the wild from the pressures of hunting and pasturing of livestock in the 1960s. Przewalskii and scientifically named Przewalski's horse ( Equus ferus przewalskii). The takhi (Mongolian name) is a wild horse that was discovered on Mongolia's steppes during the 1870s by Russian colonel N.
Continuous monitoring and vector control were noted as important issues in future conservation programs. equi in this park, and the infection is an important issue when reintroducing the takhi into the wild and increasing the numbers of the animals in nature. The results suggested that takhi were infected with T.
According to the national park records, piroplasmosis is a cause of high mortality in young takhi (19%). equi showed the same sequence in both domestic horses and takhi. A homology comparison of the 18S rRNA base sequence of T. equi was high in 2014 at 80% among nomadic horses and 84% among takhi. The objectives of our research on equine piroplasmosis were to clarify the prevalence of the piroplasms Babesia caballi and Theileria equi among reintroduced Przewalski's horses (takhi, Equus ferus przewalskii) in comparison with horses ( Equus caballus) of nomads from around Hustai National Park in Mongolia and to determine the mortality among takhi during 2012 to 2015.
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